By the mid-2030s, the two space powers hope to have built a moon base together.
The United States is not the only country working to return humanity to the moon.
Artemis 1 will launch an unmanned Orion capsule into lunar orbit and back using a Space Launch System (SLS) megarocket.
China and Russia announced an ambitious project called the International Lunar Research Station in March 2021.
The five-week mission aims to test some of the critical hardware that NASA will use to land astronauts on the moon in 2025 or 2026.
The Chinese government has not yet officially committed to a crewed moon landing.
The next-generation Starship vehicle from SpaceX, which will serve as the program's first crewed lunar lander.